India's Position in World Agriculture

Wheat 1 CHINA 2 INDIA

Rice (Paddy) 1  CHINA 2 INDIA Total Pulses 1 INDIA Groundnut (in shell) 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Rapeseed 1 CANADA 2 CHINA 3 INDIA Vegetables & Melons 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Fruits excluding Melons 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Potatoes 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Onion (Dry) 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Sugarcane 1 INDIA 2 CHINA Tea 1 INDIA 2 CHINA Coffee (green) 1 BRAZIL 7 INDIA Jute & Jute like Fibres 1 INDIA Cotton(lint) 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Tobacco Leaves 1 CHINA 2 BRAZIL 3 INDIA Cattle 1 BRAZIL 2 INDIA Buffaloes 1 INDIA Camels 1 SOMALIA 2 SUDAN 10 INDIA Sheep 1 CHINA 2 AUSTRALIA 3 INDIA Goats 1 CHINA 2 INDIA Chicken 1 CHINA 2 USA 5 INDIA Total Milk 1 MILK Eggs Total 1 CHINA 2 USA 3 INDIA Total Meat 1 CHINA 2 USA 5 INDIA

Production of Milk, Eggs, Meat and Wool

MILK -  1- U P 2- ANDHRA PRADESH

EGGS -  1- ANDHRA PRADESH, 2- TAMILNADU

MEAT - 1 - ANDHRA PRADESH 2- MAHARASTRA

WOOL - 1 - RAJASTHAN  2- JAMMU KASHMIR

SHANMUGAM IAS ACADEMY

Production of Milk, Eggs, Meat and Wool

MILK -  1- U P 2- ANDHRA PRADESH

EGGS -  1- ANDHRA PRADESH, 2- TAMILNADU

MEAT - 1 - ANDHRA PRADESH 2- MAHARASTRA

WOOL - 1 - RAJASTHAN  2- JAMMU KASHMIR

SHANMUGAM IAS ACADEMY

Production of Milk, Eggs, Meat and Wool

MILK -  1- U P 2- ANDHRA PRADESH

EGGS -  1- ANDHRA PRADESH, 2- TAMILNADU

MEAT - 1 - ANDHRA PRADESH 2- MAHARASTRA

WOOL - 1 - RAJASTHAN  2- JAMMU KASHMIR

SHANMUGAM IAS ACADEMY

MILK -  1- U P 2- ANDHRA PRADESH

EGGS -  1- ANDHRA PRADESH, 2- TAMILNADU

MEAT - 1 - ANDHRA PRADESH 2- MAHARASTRA

WOOL - 1 - RAJASTHAN  2- JAMMU KASHMIR

SHANMUGAM IAS ACADEMY

State-wise Fish Production in 2009-10

IN TOTAL 1. WEST BENGAL 2. ANDHRA PRADESH 3. GUJARAT 4. KERALA 5. MAHARASTRA 6. TAMIL NADU MARINE FISH 1. GUJARAT 2. KERALA 3. MAHARASTRA 4. TAMILNADU 5. ANDHRA PRADESH INLAND FISH 1. WEST BENGAL 2. ANDHRA PRADESH 3. UTTAR PRADESH 4. BIHAR 5. ORISSA

State-wise Fish Production in 2009-10

IN TOTAL 1. WEST BENGAL 2. ANDHRA PRADESH 3. GUJARAT 4. KERALA 5. MAHARASTRA 6. TAMIL NADU MARINE FISH 1. GUJARAT 2. KERALA 3. MAHARASTRA 4. TAMILNADU 5. ANDHRA PRADESH INLAND FISH 1. WEST BENGAL 2. ANDHRA PRADESH 3. UTTAR PRADESH 4. BIHAR 5. ORISSA

BEST SI (SUB-INSPECTOR OF POLICE) COACHING CENTRES IN COIMBATORE TIRUPUR TIRUNELVELI IN TAMIL NADU.

FIGURES AT A GLANCE - TAMIL NADU

Number of districts: 32

Area in sq.km.: 130058

Total Population: Persons-7,21,38,958. Males-3,61,58,871, Females-3,59,80,087

Decadal Population Growth: 1) Absolute Numbers- 97,33,279
                                            2) Percentage - 15.60


Population Density (Persons per sq.km.) : 555


Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males) : 995

0-6 Population: 1) Absolute Numbers: Persons - 68,94,821
                                                         : Males - 35,42,351
                                                         : Females - 33,52,470


Child Sex Ratio (Girls per 1000 Boys in 0-6 age group) : 946

Literacy Rate ; Persons - 80.33
                     :  Persons - 86.81
                     :  Females - 73.86

shanmugam ias academy.

Ranking of Districts by Population Size in Tamil nadu

RANK
1	Chennai
2	Kancheepuram
3	Vellore
4	Thiruvallur
5	Salem
6	Coimbatore
7	Viluppuram
8	Tirunelveli
9	Madurai
10	Tiruchirappalli
11	Cuddalore
12	Tiruppur
13	Tiruvannamalai
14	Thanjavur
15	Erode
16	Dindigul
17	Virudhunagar
18	Krishnagiri
19	Kanniyakumari
20	Thoothukkudi
21	Namakkal
22	Pudukkottai
23	Nagapattinam
24	Dharmapuri
25	Sivaganga
26	Ramanathapuram
27	Thiruvarur
28	Theni
29	Karur
30	Ariyalur
31	The Nilgiris
32	Perambalur

Ranking of Districts by Sex-Ratio in Tamilnadu

Rank in 2011	District	Sex- Ratio (Number of Females per 1000 Males)		Rank in 2001
		2011	2001
1	The Nilgiris	1041	1014	7
2	Thanjavur	1031	1021	5
3	Nagapattinam	1025	1014	8
4	Thoothukkudi	1024	1050	1
5	Tirunelveli	1024	1042	2
6	Thiruvarur	1020	1014	9
7	Ariyalur	1016	1006	14
8	Pudukkottai	1015	1015	6
9	Karur	1015	1010	12
10	Tiruchirappalli	1013	1001	15
11	Kanniyakumari	1010	1014	10
12	Virudhunagar	1009	1012	11
13	Perambalur	1006	1006	13
14	Vellore	1004	997	16
15	Coimbatore	1001	968	26
16	Sivaganga	1000	1038	3
17	Dindigul	998	986	18
18	Tiruvannamalai	993	995	17
19	Erode	992	968	25
20	Madurai	990	978	21
21	Theni	990	978	22
22	Tiruppur	988	963	28
23	Namakkal	986	966	27
24	Chennai	986	957	29
25	Viluppuram	985	984	20
26	Kancheepuram	985	975	23
27	Cuddalore	984	986	19
28	Thiruvallur	983	971	24
29	Ramanathapuram	977	1036	4
30	Krishnagiri	956	944	30
31	Salem	954	929	32
32	Dharmapuri	946	932	31

Ranking of Districts by Population Density in Tamilnadu.

Rank in 2011	District	Population Density                                (persons per sq. km.)		Rank in 2001
		2011	2001
1	Chennai (M Corp.)	26903	24963	1
2	Kanniyakumari	1106	995	2
3	Thiruvallur	1049	776	3
4	Kancheepuram	927	668	5
5	Madurai	823	698	4
6	Coimbatore	748	631	9
7	Cuddalore	702	617	7
8	Thanjavur	691	638	6
9	Nagapattinam	668	616	8
10	Salem	663	575	10
11	Vellore	646	572	11
12	Tiruchirappalli	602	536	12
13	Thiruvarur	533	492	13
14	Namakkal	506	439	14
15	Viluppuram	482	412	15
16	Tiruppur	476	367	19
17	Tirunelveli	458	403	17
18	Virudhunagar	454	409	16
19	Theni	433	381	18
20	Tiruvannamalai	399	353	21
21	Erode	397	354	22
22	Ariyalur	387	358	20
23	Thoothukkudi	378	347	23
24	Karur	371	323	24
25	Krishnagiri	370	307	27
26	Dindigul	357	317	25
27	Pudukkottai	348	314	26
28	Dharmapuri	332	286	29
29	Sivaganga	324	279	32
30	Perambalur	323	282	31
31	Ramanathapuram	320	284	30
32	The Nilgiris	288	299	28

HDI RANK IN 2011

1	Norway
2	Australia
3	Netherlands
4	United States
5	New Zealand
6	Canada
7	Ireland
8	Liechtenstein
9	Germany
10	Sweden

28            United Kingdom

         

62            Trinidad and Tobago 77            Mauritius 97           Sri Lanka 109         Maldives 123         South Africa 134         India 141         Bhutan 145         Pakistan 146         Bangladesh 149         Myanmar 157         Nepal 172         Afghanistan 187        Congo

Important Summits Held on 2012-13

BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) Summits

• 4th BRICS Summit 2012 – New Delhi, India
• 5th BRICS Summit 2013 – Durban, South Africa

G-8 Annual Summits 

Group of Eight (G8) Countries – France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Russia.

• 37th G8 Meeting 2011 – Deauville, France
• 38th G8 Meeting 2012 – David camp, USA
• 39th G8 Summit 2013 – County Fermanagh, UK
• 40th G8 Summit 2014 – Russia

G-20 Summits

• 7th G 20 Meeting 2012 – Los Cabos, Mexico
• 8th G 20 Meeting 2013 – Saint Petersburg, Russia
• 9th G 20 Meeting 2014 – Brisbane, Australia

SAARC Summits

SAARC – South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

• 17th SAARC Summit 2011– Addu, Maldives
• 18th SAARC Summit 2013 – Kathmandu,Nepal

ASEAN Summits

ASEAN – Association of South East Asian Nation

• 19th ASEAN Summit 2011 (November) – Bali, Indonesia
• 20th ASEAN Summit 2012 (April) – Phnom penh, Cambodia
• 21th ASEAN Summit 2012 (November)– Phnom penh, Cambodia

ASEAN-India Summit

• 9th ASEAN-India Summit 2011 – Bali, Indonesia
• 10th ASEAN-India Summit 2012 – Phnom penh, Cambodia

East Asia Summit (EAS)

EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders’ meetings.

• 6th East Asia Summit 2011 – Bali, Indonesia
• 7th East Asia Summit 2012 – Phnom penh, Cambodia

IBSA Summits

IBSA Dialogue Forum - India, Brazil, South Africa.

• 5th IBSA Summit 2011 – Pretoria, South Africa
• 6th IBSA Summit 2013 – India

APEC Summits

APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

• 23rd APEC summit 2011 – Honolulu, USA
• 24th APEC Summit 2012 – Vladivostok,Russia
• 25th APEC Summit 2013 – Medan/Jakarta, Indonesia
• 26th APEC Summit 2014 – China
• 27th APEC Summit 2015 – Philippines
• 28th APEC Summit 2016 – Lima, Peru

OPEC Seminars

OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

• 4th OPEC International Seminar 2009 – Vienna, Austria
• 5th OPEC International Seminar 2012 – Vienna, Austria

NAM Summits

NAM – Non-aligned Movement

• 16th NAM Summit 2012 – Tehran, Iran
• 17th NAM Summit 2015 – Caracas,Venezuela

SCO Meetings

SCO – Shanghai Cooperation Organization

• SCO Meeting 2011 – Astana, Kazakhstan
• SCO Meeting 2012 – Beijing, China
• SCO Meeting 2013 – Kyrgyzstan

NATO 

(North Atlantic treaty organization) international conference on Afghanistan will be held in Chicago (USA)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) Annual Meetings

Annual meeting of the board of governors of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) held every year.

• ADB Annual Meeting 2012 – Manila, Philippines
• ADB Annual Meeting 2013 – New Delhi, India

WTO Ministerial Conferences

• 8th WTO Ministerial Conferences 2011 – Geneva, Switzerland
• 9th WTO Ministerial Conferences 2013 (Expected) -Bali, Indonesia

Other Important Summits 

• United Nations framework convention on Climate, 2011 – Durban, South Africa
• 10th BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change – New Delhi, India
• Arab summit 2012 – Baghdad, Iraq
• Nuclear security summit 2012 – Seoul, South Korea
• 12th Annual summit of European Union and India – New Delhi, India
• G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting – Mexico City, Mexico
• Friends of Syria Meeting – Istanbul,Turkey
• 5th Ministerial level India-UK Economic Financial Dialogue – New Delhi
• United Nation Conference on Sustainable Development 2012 – Rio de janeiro,Brazil
• 17th National youth Festival – Mangalore, Karnataka
• World Economic Forum – Davos, Switzerland
• World Polio Summit 2012 – New Delhi, India
• India, Russia Inter-Governmental Commission meet 2012 – New Delhi, India
• The sixth conference of the Association of SAARC Speakers and Parliamentarians held in Islamabad on 4th November 2012.
• E-9 countries review meeting held in New Delhi on 9th and 10th November 2012.The E-9 countries are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Brazil, Egypt, Indonesia, Nigeria and Mexico.
• The 8th meeting of the India-UK Joint Working Group (JWG) on counter terrorism was held on 20 November 2012 in New Delhi.
• The 3rd Worldwide Cybersecurity Summit organized by East West Institute, a New York based think-and-do tank, kick-started in the New Delhi on 30th October 2012.
• South Korea will host the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2014.
• The XI Conference of Parties (CoP-11) on the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) being hosted by India at Hyderabad starts on 1st October 2012.
• The 9th World Hindi Conference to be held in Johannesburg ,South Africa from 22-24 September 2012.The first world Hindi Conference was held in Nagapur from 10-12 January 1975.
• The APEC Russia 2012 Summit is the 24th annual gathering of APEC leaders of 21 countries.Leaders from the member economics are currently meeting on Russky Island off the Coast of Vladivostok, Russia from September 2-9 ,2012 .
• The world’s largest meeting on HIV/AIDS opened on 22nd July in Washington.
• The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Summit held in HICC, Novotel Hyderabad. The summit was held between 22 August 2012 to 25 August 2012.
• 7th ASEAN education Ministers meeting on July 4 with the 1st Asean plus three education Minister Meeting and the 1st East Asia Summit Education Minister meeting from July4-5 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
• A One day International conference in Kabul took place on June 14,2012 to discuss ways to stabilize the situation in Afghanistan and boost regional cooperation.
• 101 st session of International Labour Conference organized by International Labour Organization (ILO), concluded on June 14 ,2012 in Geneva.
• The Rio+20 Conference, world leaders, along with thousands of participants from governments took place in Brazil on 20-22 June 2012
• India To Host Alternative International AIDS conference
• World Agriculture Congress mega event will be hosted by the Hyderabad city for the first time in the country.
• The 6th Summit of the Americas was held At Cartagena, Colombia on 14 and 15 April 2012.
• The Russia, India and China (RIC) trilateral conference was held in Mascow on 13 April 2012.
• The seventh meeting of the India-Russia Joint Working Group was held in New Delhi on 11 April 2012.
• Two-days national agricultural conference held at New Delhi.
• The international exhibition-cum conference ” Indian Aviation 2012 held at Hyderabad from 14-18 March 2012.
• The 23rd Arab summit was held on 29 March 2012 Baghdad, half of the Arab world’s 22 heads of states had to meet for the summit in former president Saddam Hussain’s palace, but only few leaders gathered.
• India, the independence accreditation agency organized its 1st world summit on Accreditation from 25 -28 March 2012 in New Delhi.
• The I’st World summit on Accreditation is going to be held in March 2012 at New Delhi.
• A seven days Turkey World Trade Bridge International Business Summit is going to be organized by the confederation of Businessman and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) and the Indo-Turkish Business Association (ITBA) from 3 June to 10 June 2012 in Istanbul.
• AIMA’s second Knowledge summit was held in Bangalore on 7March 2012.
• The 9th three day International conference & exhibition was hosted by the society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPG),which was inaugurated on 16 feb 2012 in Hyderabad.
• The 44Th session of Indian Labour conference was held on 14 and 15 Feb 2012, under the chairmanship of Shri Mallikajun Kharge, Union minister of Labour and Employment.
• The Association of South East Nations (Asean ) summit had held in New Delhi on 12 Feb 2012 with the theme of India and Asean partners for peace, progress and stability.
• The 12th India – EU summit was held in New Delhi on 10 Feb 2012.
• The 4th ” International Conference on Luminescence and its Application’s” (ICLA) 2012 conference had been organised by the Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies on 8 Feb2012 in Hyderabad.
• The 15th National conference on e-Governance conference had been inaugurated by the chief minister of Odisha M.Naveen Patnaik on 8 Feb 2012
• The 10th International Kimberlite conference meeting was held from 6 to 11 Feb 2012 at Bangalore (GSI).
• The 58th annual meeting of the Indian Association of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgeons (IACTS) was held from 8 to 12 Feb 2012 in Kolkata
• The national conference on Governance’ was held on 29 Jan 2012 at the NCUI auditorium in New Delhi.
• Prime Minister Manmohan Singh inaugurated 15th Global Sanskrit Meetings in New Delhi on 4 January 2012.
• 99th Science Congress Conferences were inaugarated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in Bhuvaneswar, Odisha on 3 January 2012.  2013- KOLKATTA.

List of Abbreviations in health

ANM : Auxiliary Nurse Midwife

AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy

CBR : Crude Birth Rate

CHC : Community Health Centre

HFWTC : Health and Family Welfare Training Centre

HFWTC : Health And Family Welfare Training Centre

IMR : Infant Mortality Rate

IPHS: Indian Public Health Standards

ISM & H : Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy

MCH : Maternal and Child Health

MNP : Minimum Needs Programme

MOHFW : Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (GOI)

PHC : Primary Health Centre

QPR : Quarterly Progress Report

RCH : Reproductive and Child Health

Fairs and Festivals in tamilnadu

􀂾Sandanakkoodu festival     -  Ervadi     - March

􀂾Chithirai Full Moon festival  -Manora -May


􀂾Chithirai Full Moon festival  -Poompuhar -May

􀂾Car Festival   - Tiruvarur  -May


􀂾Chithiras Visu festival-Tirunelveli -May

􀂾 Kattabomman Vizha -Panchalankurichi -July

􀂾 Aadspperukku festival -Kooduthurai -July/Aug.

􀂾 Aadipperukku festival -Hogennakkal -July/Aug.

􀂾 Aadipooram festival -Melmaruvathur -July

􀂾 Saral Vizha -Courtallam/Palamathi- July

􀂾 Kandhuri festival -Nagore -Aug./Sep.

􀂾 Velankanni Madha festival -Velankanni -Aug/Sep.

􀂾 Pongal festival -all tourist spots -January

􀂾 Tea & Tourism festival -Ooty/Coonoor -January

􀂾 Mango festival -Krishnagiri -June

􀂾 Dance festival -Mamallapuram -Jan./Feb.

􀂾 Natyanjali festival -Chidambaram -Feb/March

􀂾 Chithirai festival -Madurai -Apr./ May

􀂾 Summer festival -Ooty, Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Kolli Hills, Pachamalai, Yelagiri- May - June


􀂾 Dance festival at Madurai during the month of January;

􀂾 Arunanjali festival at Thiruvannamalai during March;

􀂾 Dances of India festival in Chennai during March; and,

􀂾 Silk festival at Kancheepuram during the month of October.

AWARDS 2013 - JAN 26 TAMILNADU

Padma Awards, the country’s highest civilian awards, are conferred in three 

categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. The Awards 

are given in all disciplines/ fields of activities, viz. art, social work, public affairs, 

science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, 

civil service, etc. ‘Padma Vibhushan’ is awarded for exceptional and distinguished 

service; ‘Padma Bhushan’ for distinguished service of high order and ‘Padma Shri’ 

for distinguished service in any field. The awards are announced on the occasion of 

Republic Day every year.

Padma Vibhushan


1. Shri K G Subramanyan- Art-Painting & Sculpture -West Bengal

2. Late Shri Mario De Miranda -Art-Cartoonist- Goa*

3. Late (Dr.)Bhupen Hazarika -Art- Vocal Music -Assam*

4. Dr. Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti -Medicine - Orthopedics -Maharashtra

5. Shri T V Rajeswar- Civil Service -Delhi

Padma Bhushan


Dr. Trippunithwra Viswanathan Gopalkrishnan - Art -Classical vocal and instrumental music -Tamil Nadu

Shri M.S. Gopalakrishnan   - Art - Instrumental Music-Violin    - Tamil Nadu

Shri Subbiah Murugappa Vellayan    - Trade and Industry    - Tamil Nadu

Padma Shri

Shri Natesan Muthuswamy     -Art - Theatre.  - Tamil Nadu

Dr. P.K. Gopal   - Social Work    - Tamil Nadu

Dr. Viswanathan Mohan   - Medicine - Diabetology    - Tamil Nadu

Dr. Vallalarpuram Sennimalai Natarajan    - Medicine - Geriatrics    - Tamil Nadu

Biogas

  A combustible gas (composed primarily of methane) produced when Organic waste, sewage or manure is fermented in the absence of oxygen. The solid material that remains in the digester after fermentation can be used as an organic fertilizer.

Biogas - a gas mixture of methane, carbon dioxide and small quantities of hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide - is created under air exclusion through the fermentation of organic substances with microorganism assistance. Biogas is a gas mixture, consisting of approximately 40 to 75 % methane (CH4),  25 to 60 % carbon dioxide (CO2), and approx. 2 % of other gases (hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide).

Advantages of Biogas

• No smoke ,  Clean Fuel
• Produces organic manure for a sustainable agriculture
• It reduces fossils fuels Dependency 

Wind Energy in tamilnadu

The wind installed capacity of the state is 7134 MW  as on 30.09.2012. This is 40% of the country’s total wind installed capacity.

Tamil Nadu is endowed with three prominent passes having high wind potential, due to the tunneling effect during south West Monsoon.

Sl.No	Name of the Pass/Districts	Annual average Wind Speed (Km/hour)
1	Palghat Pass, Coimbatore, Erode	18-22
2	Shencottah Pass, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin	18-22
3	Aralvoimozhi Pass, Kanyakumari	19-25
4	Kambam Pass , Dindigul district	19-25

Kambam Pass in Dindigul District has been identified as wind potential area in the recent past.

Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane-DDT Chronicle

1873 – DDT synthesized by a German chemist Othmar Zeidler for no purpose

1939 – Insecticide properties of DDT discovered by Paul Müller.

1944 – DDT was first introduced in India in 1944 by the British and American armies in Orissa and
Karnataka.

1947 – In 13 southern states, over 4,650,000 houses were sprayed with DDT

1948 – Paul Müller awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.

1949 – Malaria eradicated from Italy.

1951 – Malaria eradicated from the U.S.

1953 – The Government of India (GOI) launched the National Malaria Control Programme, with indoor
residual spraying (IRS) of DDT

1955 – The World Health Organization (WHO) makes plan to eradicate malaria worldwide.

1961 – DDT use reaches its peak. It was registered for use on 334 agricultural products.

1962 – Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring blamed environmental destruction on DDT.

1969 – Residues of DDT and its metabolites (such as DDE) found worldwide.

1970 – WHO announces that malaria has been eradicated in 37 countries

1972 – EPA bans DDT in the U.S.

1976 – WHO gives up malaria eradication programme

1989 – India Banned DDT for agricultural use

1998 – POPs Treaty proposes banning DDT.

2001 – POPS Treaty grants a temporary health-related exemption for use of DDT for malaria. Stockholm
Convention came into force in 2004

2006 – WHO approved DDT use for vector control till safer alternatives are developed

TAMILNADU WILD

TAMILNADU Wild Biodiversity

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park. Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park. Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary. Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary. Vallanadu Black Buck Sanctuary. Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary . Kalakad Sanctuary Mundanthurai Sanctuary

National Parks

Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary & National Pa.rk. Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park. Mukurthi National Park. Guindy National Park. Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park. Tiger Reserve     Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park Bird Sanctuary      Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary. Karikili Bird Sanctuary. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary. Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary. Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary. Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary. Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary. Vellode Bird Sanctuary. Melselvanur-Keelselvanur Bird Sanctuary. Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary. Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary. Conservation Reserve      Tiruppadaimarathur Conservation Reserve Biosphere Reserve     Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve Agasthiyarmalai Biosphere Reserve Zoological Park      Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Chennai Crocodile Farm      Amaravathy Crocodile Farm Sathanur Crocodile Farm Hogenakkal Crocodile Farm

TET COACHING CENTRES IN COIMBATORE TIRUPUR TIRUNELVELI IN TAMIL NADU.

CLASSES STARTS ON SOON

Earth Sciences

AVHRR -Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CAS- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences

AGCM -Atmospheric General Circulation Model

CMAP -CPC (Climate Prediction Centre) Merged Analysis of Precipitation

C-MMACS- Centre for Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation

COMAP -Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System

COMNAP -Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes

CRS -Central Receiving Station

CSIR -Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

CVC -Central Vigilance Commission

DGS&D -Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals

ECMRWF- European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast

EDB -Electronic Display Board

EEZ -Exclusive Economic Zone

EEIO -Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean

ENSO -Elnino and Southern Oscillation

E-OSF- Experimental Ocean State Forecast

GFDL -Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory

GIF -Graphic Interchange Format

GOOS -Global Ocean Observing System

GRAND -GOOS Regional Alliances Networking Development

GRCC -Global and Regional Climate Change

GTS -Global Telecommunication System

IITM -Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

IMD -India Meteorological Department

INDOMOD- Indian Ocean Modelling and Dynamics

IOC -Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

IODE -International Oceanographic Data Exchange

IOGOOS -Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System

ISRO -Indian Space Research Organisation

IRS -Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

ITWC -Interim Tsunami Warning Centre


MODIS -Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MOM -Modular Ocean Model

NCEP -National Centre for Environmental Prediction

NCMRWF -National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting

NIO,Goa -National Institute of Oceanography, Goa

NIOT -National Institute of Ocean Technology

NOAA -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NODC -National Oceanographic Data Centre

NPOL -Naval Physical Oceanographic Laboratory

NRSA- National Remote Sensing Agency

OGCM -Oceanographic General Circulation Model

OOIS -Ocean Observations and Information System

PBL- Planetary Boundary Layer

POGO -Partnership for Observation of Global Ocean

RDBMS -Relational Data Base Management System

ROM -Regional Ocean Model

RRSSC -Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre

SAC -Space Applications Centre

SATCORE -Satellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research

SDAPS -Satellite Data Acquisition and Processing System

SLD -Sonic Layer Depth

SODA -Simple Ocean Data Assimilation

SOI -Survey of India

SSH -Sea Surface Height

SSHA -Sea Surface Height Anomaly

SST -Sea Surface Temperature

SWAN -Simulating Waves Nearshore

TRMM -Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

UNESCO -United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

WAM-3GC Wave Model - 3

WEB-GIS Web based Geographical Information System

WMO -World Meteorological Organization

International Day of Non-Violence

In 2007 the United Nations  has declared October 2 as the International Day of Non-Violence  According to the United Nations General Assembly resolution on 15 June 2007, which established the commemoration, the International Day is an occasion to "disseminate the message of non-violence, including through education and public awareness". The resolution reaffirms "the universal relevance of the principle of non-violence" and the desire "to secure a culture of peace, tolerance, understanding and non-violence".

Gandhiji's Life and Freedom Struggle

In South Africa

At the age of the eighteen, he went to England to study law. In 1891, Gandhi returned to India and set up practice at Rajkot. In 1893, he received an offer from an Indian firm in South Africa. With his two minor sons and Kasturba, he went to South Africa at the age of twenty-four. Colonial and racial discrimination showed its ugly colours in the famous train incident, when he was thrown off the compartment meant for the 'Sahibs'. During his more than two decades of stay in South Africa, Gandhi protested against the discriminating treatment that was meted out to Indians. He protested against the Asiatic (Black) Act and the Transvaal Immigration Act and started his non-violent civil disobedience movement. A satyagrahis camp known as the Tolstoy Farm was established at Lawley, 21 miles from Johannesburg, on 30 May 1910, in order to shelter the satyagrahis and their families. The South African Government had to heed to the voice of reason and in 1914 repealed most of the obnoxious acts against the Indians. The weekly Indian Opinion (1903) became Gandhiji chief organ of education and propaganda.

Non-violence Movement

Gandhi returned to India in 1915. After an interrupted stay in Santiniketan in February-March, 1915, Gandhi collected his companions of Phoenix and established the Satyagraha Ashram in Ahmedabad city. This was shifted in June 1917 to the banks of the Sabarmati. This Ashram became platform for carrying out his cherished social reforms prime among which were Harijan welfare rehabilitation of lepers and self-reliance through weaving Khadi.
Between 1917 and 1918 Gandhi participated in two peasant movements in Champaran (Bihar) and Kaira (Gujarat) and in the labour dispute in Ahmedabad itself. World War I ended on 11 November 1918; Gandhi  protested against the Rowlatt Bills and founded the Satyagraha Sabha (28 February 1919). The end of the World war also saw the dismemberment of the Khilafat (Caliphate). This hurt the Indian Muslims deeply. Gandhi was approached for counsel; and in a meeting of the All India Khilafat Conference on 24 November 1919, he proposed that India should respond by non-violent non-cooperation.
For Gandhi 'Non-violence' and truth were two inalienable virtues. He summed up the entire philosophy of his life as: "The only virtue I want to claim is truth and non-violence. I lay no claim to super human powers: I want none".

Dandi March

1926 was declared by Gandhi to be his year of silence. His famous march to Dandi in March 1930 started a countrywide movement to violate the Salt-Law. Gandhi was arrested on 4 May 1930, and the Government struck hard to crush the movement, but failed. So Gandhi was set free on 26 January 1931; and following a pact between him and the British Viceroy, Lord Irwin (5 March 1931), he was prevailed upon to represent the Congress at the second Round Table Conference in London. Gandhi was completely disillusioned with the attitude of the British, which had renewed its policy of ruthless repression. As a result the Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed in January 1932.

Fast for a Cause

Gandhi was in prison when the Communal Award was announced in August 1932, providing for the introduction of separate electorate for the Depressed Classes. He opposed this attempt to divide the Hindu community and threatened to fast unto death to prevent it. He started his fast on 20 September 1932. It created consternation in the country, but the situation was saved by the conclusion of the Poona Pact, which provided for special reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes in legislatures, but under joint electorate.
On 8 May 1933 he announced a fast for 21 days for the Harijan cause. After coming out of prison Gandhi devoted himself exclusively to the cause of the 'Harijans'. The weekly Harijan now took the place of the Young India, which had served the national cause from 1919 to 1932. After 1934 Gandhi settled down in Sevagram near Wardha to form a new Centre for his enlarged Constructive Programme, which included Basic Education (1937), designed to bring about the universalisation of education.

Quit India

In 1942, his 'Quit India' slogan was to serve as the final signal to British dominion in India. The partition of India and Pakistan came as a personal shock to Gandhi. When the nation was rejoicing independence (1947), Gandhi went to Naokhali to ameliorate the conditions of the communal riot victims. The man of the century had the courage of heart and spirit of the unafraid. His life and teaching reflect the values of this country and the values of humanity. He had been a beacon light to an army of freedom fighters who practised non-violence in world and deed.

SHANMUGAM IAS STUDY CIRCLE COIMBATORE TIRUPUR TIRUNELVELI.

Gandhiji enumerated Seven Social Sins

• Politics without Principles.
• Wealth without Work.
• Pleasure without Conscience.
• Knowledge without Character.
• Commerce without Morality.
• Science without Humanity.
• Worship without Sacrifice.

List of Mosques in tamil nadu

1 . Saad-at-ullah Khan's Mosque -Gingee -Villupuram

2 . Shams Khan Mosque -Vallapuram -Thanjavur

3 . Mosque inside Ranjankudi Fort -Ranjankudi -Perambalur

4 . Old mosque inside the Fort -Vellore

5 . Masjid and Two Ponds -Arcot -Vellore

TICKETED MONUMENTS IN TAMILNADU

Group of Monuments-Mamallapuram-Kanchipuram

Gingee Fort-Gingee-Villupuram (Rajagiri and Krishnagiri)

Fort on Rock-Pallapatti, Dindigul-Dindigul

Moovarkoil-Kodumbalur-Pudukkottai

Rock cut Jain Temple-Sittannavasal-Pudukkottai

Natural Cavern with Inscription-Eladipattam, Sittannavasal-Pudukkottai

Fort, Thirumayam-Tirumayam-Pudukkottai

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN TAMILNADU

.Group of Monuments-Mamallapuram-Kanchipuram

Great Living Chola Temples (Sri Brihadeswara Temple)-Thanjavur

Great Living Chola Temples (Sri Brihadeswara Temple)-Gangaikondacholapuram-Ariyalur

Sri Airavateswara Temple-Darasuram-Thanjavu